chess/docs/implementation/coding-standards.md

# Coding Standards - Chess Game

## JavaScript Standards (ES6+)

### 1. Module Structure

```javascript
/**
 * @file ClassName.js
 * @description Brief description of the file's purpose
 * @author Implementation Team
 */

// Imports
import Dependency from './Dependency.js';
import { CONSTANT } from './Constants.js';

// Constants (file-level)
const PRIVATE_CONSTANT = 'value';

/**
 * @class ClassName
 * @description Detailed class description
 */
class ClassName {
  // Class implementation
}

// Export
export default ClassName;
```

### 2. Class Structure

```javascript
class ChessPiece {
  // Static properties
  static TYPE = 'piece';

  // Instance properties (declare in constructor)
  constructor(color, position) {
    this.color = color;
    this.position = position;
    this.hasMoved = false;
    this._privateProperty = null;
  }

  // Public methods
  move(newPosition) {
    // Implementation
  }

  // Private methods (prefix with _)
  _calculateMoves() {
    // Implementation
  }

  // Getters/Setters
  get isWhite() {
    return this.color === 'white';
  }
}
```

### 3. Naming Conventions

#### Variables and Functions
```javascript
// camelCase for variables and functions
let playerTurn = 'white';
const selectedPiece = null;

function calculateValidMoves(piece) {
  // Implementation
}
```

#### Classes and Constructors
```javascript
// PascalCase for classes
class GameController { }
class MoveValidator { }
```

#### Constants
```javascript
// UPPER_SNAKE_CASE for constants
const BOARD_SIZE = 8;
const PIECE_TYPES = {
  PAWN: 'pawn',
  ROOK: 'rook',
  KNIGHT: 'knight'
};
```

#### Private Members
```javascript
class Board {
  constructor() {
    this._squares = [];  // Private property
  }

  _initializeBoard() {  // Private method
    // Implementation
  }
}
```

### 4. Documentation (JSDoc)

#### Class Documentation
```javascript
/**
 * @class GameController
 * @description Manages the overall game flow and coordinates between components
 *
 * @example
 * const controller = new GameController();
 * controller.startNewGame();
 */
class GameController {
  // Implementation
}
```

#### Method Documentation
```javascript
/**
 * Validates whether a move is legal according to chess rules
 *
 * @param {Piece} piece - The piece to move
 * @param {Position} from - Starting position {row, col}
 * @param {Position} to - Target position {row, col}
 * @returns {boolean} True if the move is legal
 * @throws {Error} If piece is null or positions are invalid
 *
 * @example
 * const isValid = validator.isValidMove(pawn, {row: 1, col: 0}, {row: 2, col: 0});
 */
isValidMove(piece, from, to) {
  // Implementation
}
```

#### Property Documentation
```javascript
class GameState {
  /**
   * @property {string} currentPlayer - Current player's color ('white' or 'black')
   */
  currentPlayer = 'white';

  /**
   * @property {Array<Piece>} capturedPieces - Array of captured pieces
   */
  capturedPieces = [];
}
```

### 5. Error Handling

```javascript
// Use descriptive error messages
function movePiece(piece, position) {
  if (!piece) {
    throw new Error('movePiece: piece cannot be null');
  }

  if (!this._isValidPosition(position)) {
    throw new Error(`movePiece: invalid position (${position.row}, ${position.col})`);
  }

  try {
    // Risky operation
    this._executMove(piece, position);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Failed to execute move:', error);
    throw new Error(`Move execution failed: ${error.message}`);
  }
}
```

### 6. Code Organization

#### Method Order
```javascript
class Example {
  // 1. Constructor
  constructor() { }

  // 2. Static methods
  static createDefault() { }

  // 3. Public methods (alphabetical)
  executeMove() { }
  getValidMoves() { }
  reset() { }

  // 4. Private methods (alphabetical)
  _calculateScore() { }
  _validateInput() { }

  // 5. Getters/Setters
  get score() { }
  set score(value) { }
}
```

#### File Length
- **Target**: 150-300 lines per file
- **Maximum**: 500 lines
- **If exceeding**: Split into smaller modules

### 7. Best Practices

#### Use Const/Let (Never Var)
```javascript
// Good
const BOARD_SIZE = 8;
let currentPlayer = 'white';

// Bad
var boardSize = 8;
```

#### Arrow Functions for Callbacks
```javascript
// Good
squares.forEach(square => {
  square.addEventListener('click', this._handleClick.bind(this));
});

// Also good for simple returns
const getColor = piece => piece.color;
```

#### Destructuring
```javascript
// Good
const { row, col } = position;
const [first, second, ...rest] = moves;

// Object shorthand
const piece = { color, position, type };
```

#### Template Literals
```javascript
// Good
const message = `Move ${piece.type} from ${from} to ${to}`;

// Bad
const message = 'Move ' + piece.type + ' from ' + from + ' to ' + to;
```

#### Default Parameters
```javascript
function createPiece(type, color = 'white', position = {row: 0, col: 0}) {
  // Implementation
}
```

#### Array Methods Over Loops
```javascript
// Good
const whitePieces = pieces.filter(p => p.color === 'white');
const positions = pieces.map(p => p.position);
const hasPawn = pieces.some(p => p.type === 'pawn');

// Avoid when possible
let whitePieces = [];
for (let i = 0; i < pieces.length; i++) {
  if (pieces[i].color === 'white') {
    whitePieces.push(pieces[i]);
  }
}
```

### 8. Comments

#### When to Comment
```javascript
// Comment complex algorithms
// Minimax algorithm with alpha-beta pruning
function evaluatePosition(depth, alpha, beta) {
  // Implementation
}

// Comment non-obvious business logic
// En passant is only valid immediately after opponent's two-square pawn move
if (this._isEnPassantValid(move)) {
  // Implementation
}

// Comment TODO items
// TODO: Implement pawn promotion UI
// TODO: Add sound effects
```

#### When NOT to Comment
```javascript
// Bad - obvious comment
let currentPlayer = 'white';  // Set current player to white

// Good - self-documenting code
let currentPlayer = 'white';
```

### 9. Magic Numbers

```javascript
// Bad
if (piece.position.row === 7) { }

// Good
const LAST_ROW = 7;
if (piece.position.row === LAST_ROW) { }

// Better - in Constants.js
import { BOARD_BOUNDS } from './Constants.js';
if (piece.position.row === BOARD_BOUNDS.MAX_ROW) { }
```

### 10. Testing Requirements

```javascript
/**
 * Every public method should have:
 * - Happy path test
 * - Edge case tests
 * - Error case tests
 */

// Example test structure
describe('MoveValidator', () => {
  describe('isValidMove', () => {
    it('should allow valid pawn moves', () => {
      // Test implementation
    });

    it('should reject moves off the board', () => {
      // Test implementation
    });

    it('should throw error for null piece', () => {
      // Test implementation
    });
  });
});
```

## CSS Standards

### 1. Organization
```css
/* Use BEM naming convention */
.board { }
.board__square { }
.board__square--light { }
.board__square--dark { }
.board__square--selected { }

/* Group related styles */
/* === LAYOUT === */
/* === TYPOGRAPHY === */
/* === COLORS === */
/* === ANIMATIONS === */
```

### 2. Naming
```css
/* Use kebab-case */
.chess-board { }
.game-controls { }
.piece-white-pawn { }
```

### 3. Values
```css
/* Use CSS variables for reusability */
:root {
  --board-size: 600px;
  --square-size: 75px;
  --light-square: #f0d9b5;
  --dark-square: #b58863;
}
```

## HTML Standards

### 1. Structure
```html
<!-- Semantic HTML5 -->
<main class="game-container">
  <section class="board-section">
    <!-- Board -->
  </section>
  <aside class="controls-section">
    <!-- Controls -->
  </aside>
</main>
```

### 2. Attributes
```html
<!-- Use data attributes for JS hooks -->
<div class="square" data-row="0" data-col="0"></div>

<!-- Accessibility -->
<button aria-label="Start new game">New Game</button>
```

## Git Commit Standards

```
feat: Add pawn movement validation
fix: Correct checkmate detection logic
docs: Update API documentation
style: Format code according to standards
refactor: Simplify move validation
test: Add tests for castling
chore: Update dependencies
```

## Code Review Checklist

- [ ] Follows naming conventions
- [ ] Includes JSDoc documentation
- [ ] Has error handling
- [ ] No magic numbers
- [ ] Uses ES6+ features appropriately
- [ ] Has corresponding tests
- [ ] No console.log statements (use proper logging)
- [ ] Follows single responsibility principle
- [ ] Code is DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)
- [ ] Passes ESLint (if configured)